Temperature compensated liquid metering system and method

ABSTRACT

Method and apparatus for correcting a manifestation of fluid flow for variations in the temperature of the fluid to provide an indication of volume corrected to a predetermined temperature. A novel transducer is provided through the utilization of a thermistor in the shunt arm of a parallel-T oscillator.

United States Patent Zimmerman et al.

[ 1 Oct. 17, 1972 154] TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED LIQUID METERING SYSTEM AND METHOD [72] Inventors: Carl W.. Zimmerman; George V.

Copland, both of Duncan, Okla.

[73] Assignee: l-lalliburton Company, Duncan,

- Okla.

[22] Filed: Jan. 18, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 106,997

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 20,640, March 18, 1970, and a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 750,675, July 5, 1968, Pat. No. 3,566,685, and a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 704,403, Feb. 9, 1968, abandoned.

[52] U.S. Cl ..235/l51.34, 73/194 [51] Int. Cl..... ..G01f l/08, G0lf1/00 [58] Field of Search..235/l51.34, 92 FL, 151.3, 168;

73/194 EM, 231 M, 233,194M

SCALER134) [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,425,274 2/1969 Clement et a1. ..73/194 2,991,365 7/1961 Churchill. ..235/168 X 3,566,685 3/1971 Zimmerman etal. ..235/151.34X 3,484,203 1/1970 Phrehm ..73/194 X 3,584,203 6/1971 Patzelt et al. ..235/151.3

Primary Examiner-Malcolm A. Morrison Assistant Examiner-Edward J. Wise Attorney-Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis [57] ABSTRACT Method and apparatus for correcting a manifestation of fluid flow for variations in the temperature of the fluid to provide an indication of volume corrected to a predetermined temperature. A novel transducer is provided through the utilization of a thermistor in the shunt arm of a parallel-T oscillator.

20 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures scALER( 2) SUBTRACTOR COUNTER SCALER 3) PATENTEDBBTW I 3.699.320

SHEET 1- BF 2 scALER( 4) SCALER(32) SUBTRACTOR COUNTER SCALER ($3) FIG.|

.L T j- I m|m|||||||||||||||||||||||a||||||| m umn-nm llllllllllll S =l2 S =l2 (e) H l1 mllllUllIIIIIIIIHIHIIIHIIIIHIII (q) JIIIIIIIIH lllllllllll' INVENTORS CARL W, ZIMMERMAN 2 GEORGE V. COPLAND BY 24mg, low, .Dmcku f Mali:

ATTORNEYS P'A'TE'N'TEDBBI 11 m2.

SHEET 2 [IF 2 FIG.3

THERMISTOR PARALLEL T OSC.

FIG.5

FIG.4

FIG]

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED L IQUID METERING SYSTEM AND METHOD RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 20,645, filed Mar. 18, 1970, for Fluid Flow Metering Method and System, said application being a continuation-in-p'art of application Ser. No. 750,675, filed July 5, 1968 for Fluid Flow .Metering Method and System", said application Ser.

No. 750,675 now Pat. No. 3,566,685 being a continuation-in-part of then copending application Ser. No. 704,403, filed Feb. 9, 1968, for Fluid Flow Metering Method and System, and now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As has been described'and claimed in the related applications cited supra and herein and hereby incorporated by reference, fluid flowresponsive pulses may be utilized to gate packets of fluid condition responsive pulses to appropriate scaling and counting apparatus with the number of pulses in each packet being related to the condition of the fluid. The number of pulses accumulated can be made to vary in amanner related to the frequency response curve of the transducer utilized to sense the fluid condition. The frequency responsive curve of the transducer may increase or decrease with a change in the conditionsensed as appropriate for the result desired.

The frequency response curve of the transducer may also vary reciprocally with the condition for which compensation is to be made. In such event, the circuit is modified so that the duration of the flowmeter pulse generated gating time interval is determined by the accumulation of a predetermined number of pulses from the condition responsive transducer. The actual pulses in the packets applied to the accumulator register during this time interval may be provided by a separate oscillator having a frequency sufficiently high to give the desired-resolution. Thus, a reciprocal function may -be used in producing the incremental mathematical multiplication product. Moreover, by causing the separate oscillator frequency to vary in accordance with a further condition of the fluid, the manifestation of fluid flow may be further compensated.

By modifying the frequency of the separate oscillator in accordance with a second condition of the fluid, the effects of modification of this second condition in a system wherein the condition responsive transducer is responsive to two conditions may be eliminated. This latter feature is particularly relevant in the metering of treated crude oil into a sales pipeline wherein the percentage of oil in the emulsion is quite high since the dielectric constant of oil/water emulsion is also a function of the temperature of the oil. Problems may, however, arise under such conditions where the fluid flow is intermittent in small quantities with the discrete temperature variations typical of time-shared net oil analyzer lease allocation systems.

The accurate metering of crude oil for custody transfer or lease allocation requires that product volumes metered under various temperature conditions be corrected to a standard temperature, usually 60F. Tables of multipliers for performing such conversion have been published. These multipliers are essentially linear functions of temperature when plotted over the range of gravities and temperatures customarily found in crude oil production.

Flow meters have been equipped with mechanical temperature compensating devices. Such mechanical devices generally have a slow response to temperature changes and are thus unsuitable for the measurement of intermittent flow or the small quantities of fluid typical in the time-sharing of net oil analyzers among several leases for the allocation of oil production. Where several oil/water separators discharge liquid sequentially through the same net oil analyzer, the pulse output signals representing volume are diverted to the appropriate lease registers. The volume of liquid discharged during each separator dump may be as little as two barrels discharged typically in aboutone minute. Successive discharges from different separators to the same net oil analyzer may vary in temperature by as much as 30F. due to theobtaining of the production fluid from different producing horizons. Moreover, a

It is another object of the present invention to provide a fast response digital method and system for compensating volumetric liquid flow measurements for variations in temperature.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel temperature transducer in which the temperature variable resistance is connected in the shunt arm of a parallel-T oscillator.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a novel temperature transducer having high sensitivity and linearity.

It is still yet another object of the present invention to provide a novel method and apparatus for compensating a manifestation of fluid flow for variations in a physical condition of the fluid. These and other'objects and advantages of the present invention willbe apparent from the claims and from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended drawings.

TI-IE DRAWINGS I FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the circuit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the transducer of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the typical frequency response of a parallel-T oscillator;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in resistance with temperature of a typical thermistor;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the frequency response with respect to temperature of the parallel-T oscillator with a thermistor in the shunt leg thereof as utilized in the condition responsive transducer of FIG. 1; and,

THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION An'understanding of the present inventionmay be gained fromthe following detailed description as set out in accordance with the Table of Contents:

Table of Contents 7 l. The Overall System v A. The System Bnsystem Operation C. Design Considerations D. Example II. The Transducer A. The Transducer Circuit B. Transducer Operation III. Advantages and Scope of the Invention A I. The 'Overall System flowmeter 10 may beconventional' in its circuitry and operation and may, for example, be of the type described and claimed in US. Pat. No. 3,164,020 to Edward Groner et al., and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Alternatively to the turbine mass flowmeter illustrated and claimed in the referenced patent, a suitable positive displacement matter may be employed.

The output signal from theflowmeter 10 is a series of pulses occurring. at a frequency or pulse repetition rate related to the rate of fluid flow. While not shown, these pulses may be accumulated in a suitable conventional counter as an indication of gross fluid flow. These pulses may also be shaped as desired prior to their application to the counter (not shown).by a suitable conventional circuit.

The output signal from the flowmeter 10 may be applied to a suitable conventional scaler 14 having a scaling factor 8,. The scalerv 14 may also be conventional both in circuitry and operation and may, by way of example, comprise .a number of binary elements or flipflopsserially connected so as to provide a single output pulse in response to the application of apredetermined number S, of input pulses. I

The scaler 14 output signal is applied to the set input terminalS of a conventional bistable multivibrator or flip-flop 16.. The true or binary 1 output terminal of the flip-flop 16 may be directly connectedto an input terminal 18 of a pair of two-input terminal AND-gates the AND-gate .20 may also be connected through, a suitable conventional scaler circuit 28 having a scaling factor S, to a one-input terminal of a suitable conventional subtractor circuit 30. .The subtractor 30 may, for

example, be of the type illustrated and claimed in U.S.

patent application SenNo. 28,280 filed Apr. 21, 1970, by Edward W. Gass et al., and assigned to the assignee 1 hereof.

The other input terminal 32 of the AND-gate 20 may be directly connected to the output terminal of a suitable conventional oscillator34 having a fixed frequency or pulse repetition rate f,,.

Also disposed in the conduit 12 and in operative contact with the fluid flowing through the conduit may be a suitable conventional condition-responsive transducer 36. The output signal from the transducer 36 is a series of electrical pulses having a frequency or pulse recur-' rence rate related to a condition of the fluid flowing.

through the conduit.l2. This signal is applied to the other input terminal'38 of the AND-gate 22.

The output signal from the AND-gate 22 may be applied to a second. input terminal of the subtractor 30 through a suitable conventional scaler 40'havinga scaling factor 8 The output signal from the subtractor 30 may be applied to a suitable conventional counter 42 which may, for example, be the l'lecon series Flt-9 67, commercially obtainable from I'lengstler Numerics, Inc. of Palisades Park, New Jersey.

B. System Operation The operation of the circuit of FIG. 1 may more easily be understood with reference to the waveforms of FIG. 2. With reference to FIG. 2, the output signal of the scaler 14 is illustrated as waveform (a). Responsively to the leading edge of the pulses in waveform (a), the flip-flop 16 provides an output pulse having a duration 8. The output signal from the flip-flop 16 is illustrated as waveform (b)'in FIG; 2.

The fixed frequency output. signal from the oscillator 34 is illustrated in waveform (c) and, for the duration 8 of the gating pulses in waveform (b), is applied through the AND-gate 20.This signal is illustrated as waveform (d) in FIG. 2 and is applied to. the input terminal of the scaler 26. A scaling factor S of 12 is assumed in the illustrated embodiment and the scaler 26 will generate an output pulse responsively to the. 12th input pulse. This signal is illustrated in waveform (e) and isapplied to the flip-flop 16 to effect the resetting thereof and thus the termination of the pulse in the waveform (b).

The bistable multivibrator 16, oscillator 34, gate 20 and scaler 26 thus function together as a monostable multivibrator which is triggered by each pulse from the scaler l4 and which has a predetermined duration 8 as determined by the time interval necessary to accumulate the predetermined number of fixed frequency pulses from the oscillator 34 in the scaler 26.

Since the scaling factor S of the scaler 26 determines the number of pulses in the waveform -(d), and since waveform (d) is applied through scaler 28 to the subtractor 30,'the number of pulses applied to the subtractor is flow-related, i.e.,'the scaling factor 8. divided by the scaling factor S, for each time that the flip-flop 16 is set in response to a flow pulse.

The pulse recurrence rate of the pulses in the outpu signal f from the transducer 36 is continuously variable in response to a condition of the fluid. The AND-gate 22 is gated on for a period of time 8 concurrently with the enabling of the gate 20, earlier described. The pulses in the waveform (f) from the transducer 36 are thus passed through the AND-gate 22 during the enabling thereof. This signal is illustrated in FIG. 2 as waveform (g) and is applied through the sealer 40 to the other input terminal of the subtractor 30. The number of pulses thus applied to the subtractor 30 is thus a function of fluid condition. The difference between the flow-related and condition-related pulses is accumulated in the counter 42.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, the number of pulses n in the signal supplied by the scaler 40 is subtracted by the system from the number of pulses n in the signal supplied by the scaler 28 in the subtractor 30 to produce a digital count N corrected to a standard temperature.

C. Design Considerations With continued reference to the circuit of FIG. 1 and the waveforms of FIG. 2, it is necessary in the design of the present system that the flip-flop 16 pulse width 6 Since the flip-flop 16 pulse width 8 is a function of the scaling factor S. of the scaler 26 divided by the frequency f, of the oscillator 34, the scaling factor S may be calculated as follows:

4 f. 2) The scaling factor S for the scaler 40 may be calculated as follows:

3 (frfolflrml (3) where f, is a frequency of the transducer-at a temperature t to which the liquid volume is to be corrected for registration;

where f, is the frequency of the transducer at a temperature where K is the temperature coefficient of volume expansion for the liquid as may be calculated from published tables as the change in multiplier factor divided by the change in temperature; and where t may be either larger or smaller than t,.

For 140 F:

The number of pulses n applied to the subtractor 30 from the scaler 28 in the gating interval 8 may be expressed as follows:

"r 4/ The scaling factor S, of the scaler 28 may be expressed as follows:

of the frequency of the transducer 36 and the gate width '6 and may be expressed as: V

Thus, the number of pulses N accumulated in the counter 42 for pulses in the waveform (a) of FIG. 2 may be expressed as where a is the total number of uis i'fiiiiva'v'fbfif (a) and thus the number of gating intervals 8.

D. Example By way of example, T is selected as 0.11 seconds for compatibility with the counter 42, the frequency f of the oscillator 34 is selected as 2 MHz and the temperature to which correction is desired is selected as F. The change f f, in the frequency response from the transducer 36 for a change in temperature t, t may be taken from the graph of FIG. 6 subsequently to be described as 4,050 Hz/F.

For a crude oil of 10 API gravity, the multiplier factors are 1.0148 at 20F. and 0.9785 at 120F. The constant K may then be derived from published tables as the change in volume correction factor for the derived temperature range as follows:

Selecting 8 as 0.1 second and thereby complying with Equation (1), the scaling factor S of the scaler 26 may be calculated by Equation (2) as follows:

S =(0.1)(2 10)=2X10 (10) The scaling factor S of the scaler 40 may be calculated by Equation (3) as follows:

S =0.l/(363 l0"")(4050)/(80)=l3,946 (11) The scaling factor 8: of the scaler 28 may then be calculated by Equation (5) as follows:

S (13,946) (2X10 )/[13,946+0.l (14,320)] 181,376 12} The accuracy of the system may be checked for input pulses by means of Equation (8) for 60F as follows:

The indicated change in the volume V is thus:

The volume expansion V from 60F to l40F may be calculated for comparison with .the indicated volume change as follows:

A. The Transducer Circuit With reference now to FIG. 3, the transducer 36 of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 1 may be dis vided roughly into an oscillator 50, and amplifier 52, a voltage regulation circuit 54 and a switching or line driver circuit 56 which controls the application of the potential of a battery 58 to the output terminal 60 by way of a resistor 62 and a capacitor 64.

The oscillator 50 includes a frequency determining RCcombination' known in the art as a parallel-T network. This network includes the resistors 66 and 68, capacitors 70, 72 and 74 and has thermistor R, in .the shunt arm'thereof. The capacitors 70 and 72 are series connected in parallel with the series connected resistors 66 and 68. The capacitor 70-capacitor 72 junction is isolated from'ground by means of a temperatureresponsive impedance, the thermistor R and the resistor 66-resistor 68 junction is isolated from ground by the shunt capacitor 74. The capacitor 72-resistor 68 junction is directly connected to the base electrode of an NPN-transistor Q 1. v

The output signal from the transistor. Q l is taken across a resistor 76 in the emitter circuit thereof and is supplied through a capacitor 78 to the base electrode of an NPN-transistor Q 2. Appropriate bias is provided by the resistors-80, 82, and 84, and the output signal from the collector electrode of the transistor Q 2-is fed back to the capacitor 70-re sistor 66 junction in the frequency-determining portion of the oscillator 50.

The output signal from the oscillator 50 is also applied through a resistor 86 to the base electrode of an NPN-transistor Q 3 having the emitter electrode directly connected to the base electrode of an NPN transistor Q 4. The transistors Q 3 and Q 4 serve to amplify the, output signal from the oscillator 50 and the amplified output signal is taken across a resistor 88 in the emitter circuit of the transistor Q 4.

The outputsignalfrom the amplifier 52 is applied through a resistor 90 to the base electrode of an NPN- transistor connected across the series connected battery 58 and resistor 62 earlier described. The resistor 92 and the parallel connected capacitor 94 and Zener diode 96 are utilized-to smooth and regulate the voltage applied to the oscillator 50 from the battery 58 to prevent the line fluctuation induced by the conduction of the transistor 0 5 from being. reflected in the frequency of the output signal from the oscillator 50.

Exemplary values for the various electrical circuit components of the circuit of FIG. 3 are as follows:

Transistors Q Q 0.22 microfarads l0 microfarads.

Capacitor 78 Capacitor 94 B. Transducer Operation In operation, the output signal from the oscillator 50 is fed back to the frequency determining parallel-T circuit. The frequency of this output signal is a function of the temperature to which the temperature responsive thermistor R, is exposed. The temperature responsive oscillator 50 output signal is amplified in the amplifier 52 and applied to the line driver circuit 56 to effect the fluctuations. in the output signal taken from the output terminal 60 as a series of electrical pulses.

It is to be understood that the portion of the line driver circuit 56 to the right of thetransistor Q5 may be separated physically from the remainder of the circuit by several thousand feet, thereby considerably reducing the physical size of the transducer actually positioned on the pipeline.

The normal frequency response of a parallel-T oscillator 50 with respect to changes in theimpedance of the shunt resistor R, is illustrated in FIG. 4. The change in impedance of the thermistor R with changes in temperature is shown in FIG. 5. The unique combination of the temperature sensitive thermistor R in the shunt leg of the parallel-T oscillator provides a linear frequency response of the transducer 36 'of FIG. 3 with respect to changes in temperature over a'temperature span of F. or more due to the compensation of the nonlinear temperature response characteristic of the thermistor R for the non-linear frequency response characteristics of the parallel-T oscillator.

Control of the temperature span over which linearity is obtained maybe accomplished through the selection of the thermistor R and the design of the parallel-T network which may include the use of a fixed resistor (not shown) in series with the thermistor R, in the shunt arm thereof.

Due to the large temperature dependent temperature coefficient of the thermistor R the transducer 36 has a highsensitivity. For example, the temperature coefficient of the resistance of the thermistor R, at 25 C. may be an order of magnitude greater than that of a typical platinum resistance thermometer. A direct conversion from the resistance of the thermistor R to frequency is thus obtained without the usual practice of converting the resistance of the sensing element to an analog d.c. voltage which is then used to drive a voltage controlled oscillator. The frequency of the oscillator itself is less sensitive to power supply voltage changes than the voltage controlled oscillators typically employed in. such circuits.

ADVANTAGES AND SCOPE OF THE INVENTION The unique temperature transducer described supra is linear, inexpensive, stable, and fast. in response and makes the system particularly applicable to intermittent flow of small quantities of liquid with step function temperature variations. The compensation for the nonlinearity in the frequency response of parallel-T oscillator for variations in the resistance of the shunt arm thereof by the non-linearity of a thermistor as the temperature responsive resistor produces a linear frequency response over a wide range of temperature.

The linear-temperature range may be easily shifted by the selection of the thermistor and'the values of the circuit elements in the parallel-T oscillator. Sensitivity is great due to the sensitivity of the thermistor and response is fast while the oscillator is relatively insensitive to changes in supply voltage.

Direct conversion from thermistor resistance to oscillator frequency is possible without converting resistance to an analog voltage and thereafter utilizing the analog voltage to control a voltage controlled oscillator.

The novel transducer is moreover combined in a digital system which permits the selection of the volumetric correction factor to the temperature coefficient of the fluid by the adjustment of binary counting chains to modify scaling factors.

The present invention may thus be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed is:

l. A method of measuring fluid flow where both flow rate and a physical condition of the fluid may be variable comprising the steps of:

a. generating a first digital signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to fluid flow;

b. generating a second digital signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to a physical condition of the fluid;

c. generating a third digital signal having a predetermined pulse recurrence rate; and,

d. generating a series of pulses related in number to the difference between the number of pulses in the second and third digital signals during a time interval of predetermined duration commenced responsively to a pulse in said first signal.

2. The method of claim 1 including the further step of accumulating the pulses in the series of pulses during a succession of said time intervals.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the time interval is terminated responsively to a pulse in the third signal.

4. The method of claim 1 including the steps of:

counting the pulses in the third signal which are generated subsequently to a pulse in the first signal; and,

terminating the time interval responsively to the counting of a predetermined number of pulses in the third signal.

5. A digital system comprising:

a first source of electrical pulses having a repetition rate related to fluid flow;

a second source of electrical pulses having a repetition rate related to a condition of the fluid;

a third source of electrical pulses having a predetermined repetition rate; and

means for determining the difference between the number of pulses from said second and third source of electrical pulses during a time interval of predetermined duration commenced by a pulse from said first source of electrical pulses.

6. The digital system of claim 5 wherein said determining means is responsive to a plurality of said time intervals. I

7. The digital system of claim 5 including a fourth source of electrical pulses responsive to said first and third source of electrical pulses, said time interval being terminated by a pulse from said fourth source of electrical pulses.

8. A system for correcting a fluid flow indication to an indication of fluid flow at a predetermined condition of the fluid comprising:

means for generating a first series of electrical pulses 5 having a pulse repetition rate related to fluid flow;

means for generating a second series of electrical pulses having a pulse repetition rate related to a condition of the fluid; v means for generating a third series of electrical pulses having a pre-determined pulse repetition rate; and

means for generating a fourth series of electrical pulses related to the difference between the number of pulses in said second and third series'of electrical pulses during periods of time initiated by a pulse in said first series of electrical pulses.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said subtracting means includes means for reducing the number of pul- 2o ses in said second and third series of electrical pulses by different factors.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein said subtracting means includes:

a subtractor;

first gate means for applying pulses in said second series of electrical pulses to one input terminal of said subtractor when enabled; second gate means for applying pulses in said third series of electrical pulses to a second input terminal of said subtractor when enabled; and

bistable means for enabling said first and second gate means in response to a pulse in said first series of electrical pulses and for disabling said firstand second gate means in response to a pulse in said third series of electrical pulses.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said subtracting means includes means for reducing the number of pulses in said second and third series of electrical pulses by different factors, and

wherein said means for generating said second series of electrical pulses includes a condition responsive transducer comprising a parallel-T oscillator having a condition responsive element in the shunt leg of the frequency determining portion thereof, the impedanceof said condition responsive element being non-linearly related to the condition in a manner which coacts with the non-linearity of said oscillator to thereby increase the linearization of the frequency response of the transducer with respect to the condition.

12. The system of claim 8 wherein said means for generating said second series of electrical pulses includes a condition responsive transducer comprising a parallel-T oscillator having a condition responsive element in the shunt leg of the frequency determining portion thereof, the impedance of said condition responsive element being non-linearly related to the condition in a manner which coacts with the non-linearity of said oscillator to thereby increase the linearization of the frequency response of the transducer with respect to the condition.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the condition is temperature; and wherein the condition responsive element is a thermistor.

14. The system of claim 12 including:

a source of voltage;

an output terminal;

meansfor applying voltage from said source to said oscillator and to said output terminal;

switch means responsive to said oscillator for modifying the application of voltage from said source to said output terminal; and

means. for reducing the effect on said oscillator of voltage modifications on said output terminal.

15. The transducer of claim 14 wherein the condition is temperature; and

wherein the condition responsive element is a thermistor. 16. A digital system comprising: v first, second and third sources of electrical pulses;

means for counting the difference between the is number of pulses from said second and third sources of electricalpulses during a plurality of equal duration time intervals each commenced by a pulse from saidfirst series and each terminated by a pulse from one of said second and third sources of electrical pulses.

17. A methodof measuring fluid flow where both a. providing a first signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to fluid flow;

b. providing a second signal related to a physical condition of the fluid;

c. providing a third signal having a predetermined pulse recurrence rate; and,

d. providing a series of pulses related in numberto the second and third signals during a time interval of predetermined. duration commenced responsively to a pulse in said first signal.

18. The method of claim 17 including the further step of accumulating the pulses in the series of pulses during a succession of said time intervals.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the time interval is terminated responsively to the third signal.

20. A system for correcting a fluid flow indication to an indication of fluid flow at a predetermined condition of the fluid comprising:

means for providing a first signal having a pulse repetition rate, related to fluid flow;

means for providing a second signal related to a condition of the fluid;

means for providing a third signal having a predetermined pulse-repetition rate; and

means for providing a series of pulses related to said second and third signals during periods of time initiated by a pulse in said first signal.

Patent No. 3, 699, 320 D t d October 17, 1972 lnventofls) Carl W. Zimmerman and George V. Copland It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Col. 5, line 44:, equation (3), after "/K", insert C01. 6, line 12, equation (6), after @178 delete "tm" and move (6)" to right-hand margin;

Col. 6, line as, equation (9),- change "363 X 10 Col. 6, line 17, equation (11), change "(363 X 10 to Q01. 6, line 51, equation (12), change 1'8 to S C01. .6, line 39, change 'second" to -seconds;

C01. 6, line 63, equation (14), change "11 to "N C01. 7, line 7, equation (17), change "363 X 116 6n to C01. 7, line 7, equation (17), change "1. 9040" to 2. 9040-;

C01. 8, line 53, italicize "supra"o Signed and sealed this 29th'day of May 1973.

(SEAL) At-test:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER ,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM PO-1OSO (10-69) v v USCOMWDC 6037mm US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: [969 0--35G-33A 

1. A method of measuring fluid flow where both flow rate and a physical condition of the fluid may be variable comprisiNg the steps of: a. generating a first digital signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to fluid flow; b. generating a second digital signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to a physical condition of the fluid; c. generating a third digital signal having a predetermined pulse recurrence rate; and, d. generating a series of pulses related in number to the difference between the number of pulses in the second and third digital signals during a time interval of predetermined duration commenced responsively to a pulse in said first signal.
 2. The method of claim 1 including the further step of accumulating the pulses in the series of pulses during a succession of said time intervals.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the time interval is terminated responsively to a pulse in the third signal.
 4. The method of claim 1 including the steps of: counting the pulses in the third signal which are generated subsequently to a pulse in the first signal; and, terminating the time interval responsively to the counting of a predetermined number of pulses in the third signal.
 5. A digital system comprising: a first source of electrical pulses having a repetition rate related to fluid flow; a second source of electrical pulses having a repetition rate related to a condition of the fluid; a third source of electrical pulses having a predetermined repetition rate; and means for determining the difference between the number of pulses from said second and third source of electrical pulses during a time interval of predetermined duration commenced by a pulse from said first source of electrical pulses.
 6. The digital system of claim 5 wherein said determining means is responsive to a plurality of said time intervals.
 7. The digital system of claim 5 including a fourth source of electrical pulses responsive to said first and third source of electrical pulses, said time interval being terminated by a pulse from said fourth source of electrical pulses.
 8. A system for correcting a fluid flow indication to an indication of fluid flow at a predetermined condition of the fluid comprising: means for generating a first series of electrical pulses having a pulse repetition rate related to fluid flow; means for generating a second series of electrical pulses having a pulse repetition rate related to a condition of the fluid; means for generating a third series of electrical pulses having a pre-determined pulse repetition rate; and means for generating a fourth series of electrical pulses related to the difference between the number of pulses in said second and third series of electrical pulses during periods of time initiated by a pulse in said first series of electrical pulses.
 9. The system of claim 8 wherein said subtracting means includes means for reducing the number of pulses in said second and third series of electrical pulses by different factors.
 10. The system of claim 8 wherein said subtracting means includes: a subtractor; first gate means for applying pulses in said second series of electrical pulses to one input terminal of said subtractor when enabled; second gate means for applying pulses in said third series of electrical pulses to a second input terminal of said subtractor when enabled; and bistable means for enabling said first and second gate means in response to a pulse in said first series of electrical pulses and for disabling said first and second gate means in response to a pulse in said third series of electrical pulses.
 11. The system of claim 10 wherein said subtracting means includes means for reducing the number of pulses in said second and third series of electrical pulses by different factors, and wherein said means for generating said second series of electrical pulses includes a condition responsive transducer comprising a parallel-T oscillator having a condition responsive element in the shunt leg of the frequency determining portion therEof, the impedance of said condition responsive element being non-linearly related to the condition in a manner which coacts with the non-linearity of said oscillator to thereby increase the linearization of the frequency response of the transducer with respect to the condition.
 12. The system of claim 8 wherein said means for generating said second series of electrical pulses includes a condition responsive transducer comprising a parallel-T oscillator having a condition responsive element in the shunt leg of the frequency determining portion thereof, the impedance of said condition responsive element being non-linearly related to the condition in a manner which coacts with the non-linearity of said oscillator to thereby increase the linearization of the frequency response of the transducer with respect to the condition.
 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the condition is temperature; and wherein the condition responsive element is a thermistor.
 14. The system of claim 12 including: a source of voltage; an output terminal; means for applying voltage from said source to said oscillator and to said output terminal; switch means responsive to said oscillator for modifying the application of voltage from said source to said output terminal; and means for reducing the effect on said oscillator of voltage modifications on said output terminal.
 15. The transducer of claim 14 wherein the condition is temperature; and wherein the condition responsive element is a thermistor.
 16. A digital system comprising: first, second and third sources of electrical pulses; means for counting the difference between the number of pulses from said second and third sources of electrical pulses during a plurality of equal duration time intervals each commenced by a pulse from said first series and each terminated by a pulse from one of said second and third sources of electrical pulses.
 17. A method of measuring fluid flow where both flow rate and a physical condition of the fluid may be variable comprising the steps of: a. providing a first signal having a pulse recurrence rate related to fluid flow; b. providing a second signal related to a physical condition of the fluid; c. providing a third signal having a predetermined pulse recurrence rate; and, d. providing a series of pulses related in number to the second and third signals during a time interval of predetermined duration commenced responsively to a pulse in said first signal.
 18. The method of claim 17 including the further step of accumulating the pulses in the series of pulses during a succession of said time intervals.
 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the time interval is terminated responsively to the third signal.
 20. A system for correcting a fluid flow indication to an indication of fluid flow at a predetermined condition of the fluid comprising: means for providing a first signal having a pulse repetition rate related to fluid flow; means for providing a second signal related to a condition of the fluid; means for providing a third signal having a predetermined pulse repetition rate; and means for providing a series of pulses related to said second and third signals during periods of time initiated by a pulse in said first signal. 